Who is known for establishing the theory of operant conditioning?

B.F. Skinner is recognized for establishing the theory of operant conditioning, which is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology. This theory focuses on how behaviors can be shaped and modified through the use of reinforcement and punishment. Skinner demonstrated that when a behavior is followed by a positive reinforcement, such as a reward, the likelihood of that behavior being repeated increases. Conversely, if a behavior is followed by a punishment, the likelihood of that behavior being repeated decreases.

Skinner's work utilized controlled experimental conditions, where he observed the actions of animals, particularly rats and pigeons, in specially designed environments called operant chambers or Skinner boxes. Through his research, Skinner was able to articulate the principles of reinforcement schedules and the effects of these schedules on learning and behavior.

His contributions significantly influenced not only psychology but also education, behavior modification practices, and various therapies aimed at changing undesirable behaviors. Skinner's emphasis on observable behavior and the use of scientific methods to study learning processes set the foundation for many contemporary behaviorist approaches.