Type A personality has a strong association with which of the following health issues?

Individuals with a Type A personality are characterized by traits such as high competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and a strong sense of urgency. These traits can lead to chronic stress, which has been linked to physiological changes in the body, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure. Over time, this elevated stress response can contribute to the development of cardiovascular issues.

Research supports the association between Type A personality and higher rates of heart disease, particularly due to the impact of stress on the body and the potential for unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as poor diet or smoking. In contrast, Type A individuals may exhibit behaviors that contribute to heart problems, such as hostile interactions and a lack of relaxation, which can cumulatively raise their risk for heart disease.

The other options presented involve either lower rates of health issues or different psychological impacts that are not as strongly connected to the characteristics and lifestyle of Type A individuals, making the link with heart disease the most relevant and significant in this context.